Executor Duties Checklist: A Step-by-Step List
Being named an executor can feel daunting, but the job breaks down into a clear sequence of tasks. This checklist outlines what an executor (also called an estate trustee, liquidateur, or personal representative) typically needs to do, roughly in order. This is general information, not legal advice — consult a lawyer in your jurisdiction.
Where do you start?
The first job is to locate the original will and review it to understand who the beneficiaries are and what the deceased wanted. Then obtain several certified copies of the death certificate, which you will need repeatedly.
Early on, secure the assets: lock up property, redirect mail, cancel subscriptions, and make sure homes, vehicles, and valuables are insured and protected.
Do you need probate?
Decide whether the estate needs probate — a court process confirming your authority. Banks and land registries often require it before they will release significant assets or transfer property.
If probate is needed, prepare and file the application with the will and an inventory of the estate, and pay any probate fees or estate administration tax.
How do you handle debts and taxes?
Identify and notify creditors, and pay the deceased's valid debts from the estate. In many places a formal notice to creditors protects you from later claims.
File the final personal tax return and any required estate returns, and obtain a clearance certificate from the tax authority before final distribution so you are not personally exposed.
How do you distribute the estate?
Once debts, taxes, and expenses are settled, distribute the remaining assets to the beneficiaries according to the will. Get signed releases acknowledging receipt.
Prepare a final accounting that shows everything that came in and went out. Beneficiaries are entitled to see how the estate was handled.
Executor task checklist
Use this condensed checklist as a working reference. Tasks may overlap, and the order can shift depending on the estate and jurisdiction.
- Locate the original will and read it carefully
- Order multiple certified copies of the death certificate
- Secure and insure property, vehicles, and valuables
- Make a complete inventory and valuation of assets and debts
- Open an estate bank account
- Apply for probate if required by banks or land registry
- Notify creditors and pay valid debts from the estate
- Cancel benefits, subscriptions, and government payments
- File the final personal tax return and any estate returns
- Obtain a tax clearance certificate before final payout
- Distribute assets to beneficiaries and collect signed releases
- Prepare and share a final accounting of the estate
Frequently asked questions
- How long does it take to settle an estate?
- Simple estates may take six months to a year; complex ones can take several years. Waiting periods for creditor claims and tax clearance often set the minimum timeline.
- Should an executor open a separate bank account?
- Yes. An estate account keeps estate funds separate from personal money, which is essential for clean record-keeping and protects the executor from claims of mishandling funds.
- Can an executor be removed?
- Yes. Beneficiaries can ask a court to remove an executor who is acting improperly, neglecting duties, or has a serious conflict of interest, though courts do not do so lightly.
- Does an executor need a lawyer?
- Not always, but professional help is common for probate applications, tax filings, and complex assets. Executors can pay reasonable legal and accounting fees from the estate.